- Vitamin is an organic compound (Bio-molecules) which are required in small amounts for normal metabolic processes.
- Vitamin provides no Calorie .i.e they neither supply energy nor help in building tissues of the cells , they only participate in biochemical reactions taking place in cell.
- Vitamins are not synthesized in our body , they therefore must be supplied in the food.However, Vitamin D- may be supplied via food or can be synthesized or produced in skin by irradiation of ergosterol ( a sterol present in our body ) with UV rays of sunlight
- Vitamin K- is synthesized in our Colon by the bacteria
- Vitamin B12- is present in only animals & not in plants.
VITAMINS :-( Latin , Vita= life )
Term Coined by :- C Funk - The father of Vitamins
So far 25 vitamins are discovered & divided into two broad types based upon solubility
1) WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS -Vitamin B-Complex & Vitamin C
2) FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS:- Vitamin A, D, E & K
|
FAT SOULBLE VIT. |
DEFICIENCY DISEASE |
CHARACTERISTICS |
SOURCES |
|
Vit. A (RETINOL ) |
Nyctalopia(night-blindness) , |
Promotes growth & vision & increases resistance to diseases. |
Milk & Milk Products , fish, Carrots, green vegetables, Mangoes ,
sweet potato etc. |
|
Vit. D ( Calciferol ) |
Rickets & Osteomalacia |
Also Called – Sunshine vitamin or Anti-rachitic or Ergocalciferol ) .It controls metabolism
of K & P. |
Fruits & vegetables, Fish , milk , meat etc |
|
Vit. E ( Tocopherols ) Anti-sterility vitamin |
Loss of Sexual power of reproduction |
Soluble in fat & oils. Promotes hair gain, sexual power, skin
tuning etc |
Eggs, milk, fish , cotton seed oil, peanut etc |
|
Vit. K ( Phylloquinone or Anti-haemorrahagic ) |
Haemorrahage, shortening BT &lengthening CT |
Sensitive to light & alkali |
Green vegetables , Carrot tops, alfalfa etc |
|
Water soluble Vitamin |
Deficiency Diseases |
|
Vit. B1( Thiamine, aneurin, antineuritic vit.) |
Beri-Beri , Wernicke-Korskoff syndrome, |
|
Vit. B2( Riboflavin or lactoflavin ) |
Cheilosis |
|
Vit.B3( Niacin & Nicotinic Acid) |
Pellagara, glossitis |
|
Vit. B5( pentothenic acid) |
Achromotrichia( premature graying of hair) |
|
Vit. B6( Pyridoxine, Adermin ) |
Dermatitis, Anaemia(bloodlessness) , Pellagara(shrivelled skin) ,
Insomnia, irritability –mental disorder etc. |
|
Vit. B7( Biotin ) |
Dermatitis, enteritis, anaemia |
|
Vit. B9( Folic acid) |
Megablastic anaemia & birth defects |
|
Vit. B12( Cyanocobalamin )- It consists of Co(cobalt) & Corrin Rings |
Pernicious anaemia , inflammation of tongue & mouth |
|
VITAMIN C ( Ascorbic acid ) |
Scurvy (bleeding of gums- Sailer’s disease) , Pyorrhea( loosening
& bleeding of teeth ) |
Vitamins remain stored in body to fight out disease . In balanced diet all the important nutrients are available in sufficient quantity. Eat healthy & stay wealthy.
