VITAMINS

• Vitamin is an organic compound (Bio-molecules) which are required in small amounts for normal metabolic processes. 
• Vitamin provides no Calorie .i.e they neither supply energy nor help in building tissues of the cells , they only participate in biochemical reactions taking place in cell.
• Vitamins are not synthesized in our body , they therefore must be supplied in the food.However,  Vitamin D- may be supplied via food or can be synthesized or produced in skin by irradiation  of ergosterol ( a sterol present in our body ) with UV rays of sunlight 
• Vitamin K- is synthesized in our Colon by the bacteria 
• Vitamin B12- is present in only animals & not in plants. 
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Discovered by :- FG Hopkin 

 VITAMINS :-( Latin , Vita= life )

Term Coined by :- C Funk - The father of Vitamins 

So far 25 vitamins are discovered & divided into two broad types based upon solubility 

1) WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS -Vitamin B-Complex & Vitamin C 
2) FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS:- Vitamin A, D, E &  K 

FAT SOULBLE VIT.	DEFICIENCY DISEASE	CHARACTERISTICS	SOURCES
Vit. A (RETINOL )	Nyctalopia(night-blindness) , Hyperkeratosis, Keratomalacia	Promotes growth & vision & increases resistance to diseases.	Milk & Milk Products , fish, Carrots, green vegetables, Mangoes , sweet potato etc.
Vit. D ( Calciferol )	Rickets & Osteomalacia	Also Called – Sunshine vitamin or Anti-rachitic  or Ergocalciferol ) .It controls metabolism of K & P.	Fruits & vegetables, Fish , milk , meat etc
Vit. E ( Tocopherols ) Anti-sterility vitamin	Loss of Sexual power of reproduction	Soluble in fat & oils. Promotes hair gain, sexual power, skin tuning etc	Eggs, milk, fish , cotton seed oil, peanut etc
Vit. K ( Phylloquinone or Anti-haemorrahagic )	Haemorrahage, shortening BT &lengthening  CT	Sensitive to light & alkali	Green vegetables , Carrot tops, alfalfa etc

Water soluble Vitamin	Deficiency Diseases
Vit. B1( Thiamine, aneurin, antineuritic vit.)	Beri-Beri , Wernicke-Korskoff syndrome,
Vit. B2( Riboflavin or lactoflavin )	Cheilosis
Vit.B3( Niacin & Nicotinic Acid)	Pellagara, glossitis
Vit. B5( pentothenic acid)	Achromotrichia( premature graying of hair)
Vit. B6( Pyridoxine, Adermin )	Dermatitis, Anaemia(bloodlessness) , Pellagara(shrivelled skin) , Insomnia, irritability –mental disorder etc.
Vit. B7( Biotin )	Dermatitis, enteritis, anaemia
Vit. B9( Folic acid)	Megablastic anaemia & birth defects
Vit. B12( Cyanocobalamin )- It consists of  Co(cobalt)  & Corrin Rings	Pernicious anaemia , inflammation of tongue & mouth
VITAMIN C ( Ascorbic acid )	Scurvy (bleeding of gums- Sailer’s disease) , Pyorrhea( loosening & bleeding of teeth )

Vitamins remain stored in body to fight out disease . In balanced diet all the important nutrients are available in sufficient quantity. Eat healthy & stay wealthy.